激光与组织的交互作用
飞秒激光器能对激光与组织的相互作用实现出色控制,与皮秒、纳秒激光器或连续波(CW)激光器相比,其对受照射组织的热损伤极小。因此,它们可作为治疗和手术工具应用于多个医学领域,如眼科、皮肤科、牙科、肠道外科等。
对超短脉冲激光器与组织相互作用的分析表明,新一代带有谐波发生器以产生紫外辐射的固态飞秒激光器,能为需要极高精度消融的表面器官矫正手术带来重大进展。例如,眼科就是最具前景的领域之一。具体而言,Danieliene 等人的研究结果显示,使用飞秒紫外脉冲对兔子进行角膜基质消融,效果堪比甚至优于使用氟化氩准分子激光器的效果。新一代飞秒激光器CARBIDE 和 PHAROS的一个显著优势在于,它们能够产生红外和紫外范围的飞秒光脉冲,使得单一激光源即可完成多种眼科或皮肤科手术。
在其他情况下,如结肠组织切除,需要进行内窥镜手术。直到近期空芯光纤得到发展之前,由于缺乏合适的光纤来传输高峰值功率,这一手术一直受到阻碍。在 Shephard 团队最近发表的一篇文章中,空芯光纤被成功应用于在体内传输超短脉冲。这类脉冲的使用实现了对组织的最小热损伤,并能精确控制消融深度。该研究得出结论:超短脉冲与空芯光纤传输相结合,为新型微创手术程序提供了一条可行路径。
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激光与组织的交互作用
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